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Phenibut is used in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia as a pharmaceutical drug to treat anxiety and to improve sleep (e.g., in the treatment of insomnia). [5] [6] It is also used for various other indications, including the treatment of asthenia, depression, alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering, tics, vestibular disorders, Ménière's disease ...
Phenibut, marketed under the brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen, was introduced in Russia in the 1960s for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and a variety of other conditions. [28] [55] It was not discovered to act as a very weak (3.5 orders of magnitude less potent) gabapentinoid until 2015. [9]
Phenibut (Anvifen, Fenibut, Noofen) is an anxiolytic [42] used in Russia. [43] Phenibut is a GABA B receptor agonist , [ 42 ] as well as an antagonist at α 2 δ subunit -containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), similarly to gabapentinoids like gabapentin and pregabalin . [ 44 ]
Blood doping is the injection of red blood cells, related blood products that contain red blood cells, or artificial oxygen containers. This is done by extracting and storing one's own blood prior to an athletic competition, well in advance of the competition so that the body can replenish its natural levels of red blood cells, and subsequently injecting the stored blood immediately before ...
Two Indian chemical companies have been indicted for allegedly importing ingredients for the highly addictive opioid fentanyl into the United States and Mexico, the U.S. Department of Justice said ...
While any illegal trade in a medication should be a concern, there is scant evidence that Suboxone is being used as a gateway to drug use in the U.S. Addicts say taking the medication just helps them feel normal again.
An assortment of several designer drugs. Designer drugs are structural or functional analogues of controlled substances that are designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the parent drug while avoiding detection or classification as illegal.
Fentanyl has made headlines for driving overdose deaths, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is warning of the rise of an even deadlier drug. An addiction specialist weighs in.