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Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood following childbirth. [2] Some have added the requirement that there also be signs or symptoms of low blood volume for the condition to exist. [ 6 ]
Obstetrical hemorrhage is heavy bleeding of a woman during or shortly after a pregnancy. Current estimates suggest over 300,000 women die from obstetrical hemorrhage every year with 99% of cases occurring in developing countries; [1] many of these deaths are preventable. Many women in resource-poor settings deliver far from health-care facilities.
Therefore, a lack of uterine muscle contraction can lead to an acute hemorrhage, as the vasculature is not being sufficiently compressed. [1] Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, which is an emergency and potential cause of fatality. Across the globe, postpartum hemorrhage is among the top five causes of maternal ...
Other definitions of excessive postpartum bleeding are hemodynamic instability, drop of hemoglobin of more than 10%, [12] or requiring blood transfusion. In the literature, primary postpartum hemorrhage is defined as uncontrolled bleeding that occurs in the first 24 hours after delivery while secondary hemorrhage occurs between 24 hours and six ...
In the uterus, balloon tamponade can alleviate or stop postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Inflating a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube in the uterus successfully treats atonic postpartum hemorrhage refractory to medical management in approximately 80% of cases. [2] Such procedure is relatively simple, inexpensive and has low surgical morbidity. [2]
UAE was used for the first time in 1979 to control bleeding in a woman with postpartum hemorrhage that did not improve after surgical treatment. [33] Since then studies have shown that UAE is a safe and effective procedure for postpartum hemorrhage with control of bleeding in greater than 90% of women. [34]
In addition to preeclampsia, complications can include miscarriage, gestational diabetes, and postpartum hemorrhage. Older women are also more likely to deliver via C-section rather than vaginally ...
These evidence-based guidelines cover topics like fetal heart rate monitoring, labor induction, neonatal skin care, [4] care of the late preterm infant, [5] breastfeeding, HPV counseling, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, nursing staffing, [6] and care of the patient in the second stage of labor.