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Independent media refers to any media, such as television, newspapers, or Internet-based publications, that is free of influence by government or corporate interests. The term has varied applications. Independence stands as a cornerstone principle within media policy and the freedom of the press, representing an "essentially contested concept ...
Sometimes the term independent media is used as a synonym, indicating independence from large media corporations, but generally independent media is used to describe a different meaning around freedom of the press and independence from government control. Alternative media does not refer to a specific format and may be inclusive of print, audio ...
Wikimania 2007 Citizen Journalism Unconference. Citizen journalism, also known as collaborative media, [1]: 61 participatory journalism, [2] democratic journalism, [3] guerrilla journalism, [4] grassroots journalism, [5] or street journalism, [6] is based upon members of the community playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information.
The International Research and Exchanges Board’s (IREX) Media Sustainability Index (MSI) is another widely used tool to evaluate the global development of independent media. The MSI is one of the most important indices "to assess how media systems change over time and across borders." The MSI uses five fundamental objectives to assess to what ...
Editorial independence is the absence of external control or influence on journalists, authors, or media organisations in general. It is tested if a newspaper runs articles that may be unpopular with its advertising clientele or critical of its commercial owners or the state.
However, it is speculated to consist of privately owned, independent media. [8] This is a far-cry from the past, where the majority of news outlets were publicly owned. Many believe that the presence of many private media companies operating in a single country is one of the best ways to increase the effectiveness of democracy. [8]
Each seminar ended with the adoption of a declaration in which participants highlighted “their full support and entire adhesion to the fundamental principles of the Windhoek Declaration, recognizing its crucial importance for the promotion of free, independent and pluralistic media, in written and broadcast press, worldwide”.
The condition for news media to achieve this role is the peaceful environment of diversity of editorial ownership and free speech. White Paper No.57 claimed that real content diversity can only be attained by a pluralistically owned and independent editorial media whose production is founded on the principles of journalistic professionalism.