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An animal chimera is a single organism that is composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originated from different zygotes involved in sexual reproduction. If the different cells have emerged from the same zygote, the organism is called a mosaic. Innate chimeras are formed from at least four parent cells ...
A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism.In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from a human and an animal is called a human–animal hybrid, while an organism that contains a mixture of human and non-human cells would be a human-animal chimera.
Diagnosing a chimera or mosaic is particularly difficult due to the random distribution of 46,XX and 46,XY cells within the body. In a chimeric, an organ might be made up of a mix of 46,XX and 46,XY, but is made up entirely only one genotype. When that is the case, no abnormalities are noted and other types of tissues need to be analyzed. [15]
The paragraphs below have to do only with rodents and do not reflect XI in the majority of mammals. X-inactivation is part of the activation cycle of the X chromosome throughout the female life. The egg and the fertilized zygote initially use maternal transcripts, and the whole embryonic genome is silenced until zygotic genome activation.
Bay is the most common color of horse, [2] followed by black and chestnut. A change at the agouti locus is capable of turning bay to black, while a mutation at the extension locus can turn bay or black to chestnut. These three "base" colors can be affected by any number of dilution genes and patterning genes.
According to Catster, "A chimera cat results from two embryos merging in their mother’s womb in the early stages of development. This results in a single cat carrying two sets of DNA instead of one.
The zygote, which will divide multiple times as it progresses throughout embryonic development, is one part of a seed. Other seed components include the endosperm , which is tissue rich in nutrients that will help support the growing plant embryo, and the seed coat, which is a protective outer covering.
Opponent process color theories, which treat intensity and chroma as separate visual signals, provide a biophysical explanation of these chimerical colors. [7] For example, staring at a saturated primary-color field and then looking at a white object results in an opposing shift in hue, causing an afterimage of the complementary color ...