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Raw coke. Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content. It is made by heating coal or petroleum in the absence of air. Coke is an important industrial product, used mainly in iron ore smelting, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges.
This petroleum coke can either be fuel grade (high in sulphur and metals) or anode grade (low in sulphur and metals). The raw coke from the coker is often referred to as green coke. [1] In this context, "green" means unprocessed. The further processing of green coke by calcining in a rotary kiln removes residual volatile hydrocarbons from the coke.
For gas oil, Concarbon provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from. [4] For delayed cokers, the Concarbon of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced. [5] [6] For fluid catalytic cracking units, the Concarbon of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency. [7]
Needle coke, also called acicular coke, is a highly crystalline petroleum coke used in the production of electrodes for the steel and aluminium industries and is particularly valuable because the electrodes must be replaced regularly. Needle coke is produced exclusively from either fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) decant oil or coal tar pitch.
For gas oil, MCR provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from. [5] For delayed cokers, the MCR of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced. [7] For fluid catalytic cracking units, the MCR of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency. [8]
The yield of coke from the delayed coking process ranges from about 18 to 30 percent by weight of the feedstock residual oil, depending on the composition of the feedstock and the operating variables. Many refineries worldwide produce as much as 2,000 to 3,000 tons per day of petroleum coke and some produce even more. [5]
Gas emission. Coke oven interior: detail (1942, USA). The coke oven is the central element of a coking plant. Horizontal ovens, which are the most commonly used (they are suitable for monitoring the various extraction stages), take the form of narrow compartments (approx. 50 cm wide), but several meters high and several meters deep.
The presence of these degradation products in the fuel tank or fuel lines plus a carburetor or fuel injection components makes it harder to start the engine or causes reduced engine performance [22] On resumption of regular engine use, the buildup may or may not be eventually cleaned out by the flow of fresh gasoline. The addition of a fuel ...