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Ferromagnetism (along with the similar effect ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type and is responsible for the common phenomenon of everyday magnetism. [1] An example of a permanent magnet formed from a ferromagnetic material is a refrigerator magnet. [2]
This page is a list of substances which exhibit ferromagnetism in the broad sense that includes ferrimagnetism. Some of these are elemental metals , while others are alloys , oxides or other chemical compounds .
Ferrite, a ceramic compound, is one of the most common examples of a ferrimagnetic material. A ferrimagnetic material is a material that has populations of atoms with opposing magnetic moments , as in antiferromagnetism , but these moments are unequal in magnitude, so a spontaneous magnetization remains. [ 1 ]
These include the elements iron, nickel and cobalt and their alloys, some alloys of rare-earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic) materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be commonly considered magnetic, all other substances respond weakly to a ...
A magnetic alloy is a combination of various metals from the periodic table such as ferrite that exhibits magnetic properties such as ferromagnetism.Typically the alloy contains one of the three main magnetic elements (which appear on the Bethe-Slater curve): iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), or cobalt (Co).
Hysteresis loop Induction B as function of field strength H for H varying between H min and H max; for ferromagnetic material the B has different values for H going up and down, therefore a plot of the function forms a loop instead of a curve joining two points; for perminvar type materials, the loop is a "rectangle" (Domain Structure of Perminvar Having a Rectangular Hysteresis Loop, Williams ...
The three elements above the platinum group in the periodic table (iron, nickel and cobalt) are all ferromagnetic; these, together with the lanthanide element gadolinium (at temperatures below 20 °C), [4] are the only known transition metals that display ferromagnetism near room temperature.
[example needed] [clarification needed] The magnetic material known as "Zn Fe" has the formula Zn Fe 2 O 4, with Fe 3+ occupying the octahedral sites and Zn 2+ occupying the tetrahedral sites, it is an example of normal structure spinel ferrite. [18] [page needed] Some ferrites adopt hexagonal crystal structure, like barium and strontium ...