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The mineral ceylonite has the chemical composition of (Mg, Fe 2+) Al 2 O 4, putting it into a group of minerals known as the spinel group, or the oxide spinels. The oxide spinels have a formula of the model [A][B] 2 O 4; where [A] is commonly Fe 2+, Mg 2+, or Mn 2+, and [B] is Fe 3+, Al 3+, or Cr 3+. It is an iron-rich variety of the spinel ...
Polyhedral representation of spinel MgAl 2 O 4. Spinel (/ s p ɪ ˈ n ɛ l, ˈ s p ɪ n əl / [7]) is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals. It has the formula MgAl 2 O 4 in the cubic crystal system. Its name comes from the Latin word spinella, a diminutive form of spine, in reference to its pointed crystals. [5]
It forms brown to black metallic isometric crystals with a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6. It belongs to the spinel group of minerals, as does magnetite, Fe 3 O 4. Ulvöspinel forms as solid solutions with magnetite at high temperatures and reducing conditions, and grains crystallized from some basalt-gabbro magmas are rich in the ulvöspinel component.
Inverse spinel structures have a different cation distribution in that all of the A cations and half of the B cations occupy octahedral sites, while the other half of the B cations occupy tetrahedral sites. An example of an inverse spinel is Fe 3 O 4, if the Fe 2+ (A 2+) ions are d 6 high-spin and the Fe 3+ (B 3+) ions are d 5 high-spin.
The Blackfeet also believe ammolite to possess healing powers and incorporate the gem into their medicine bundles for use in ceremonies. In the late 1990s, practitioners of feng shui began to promote ammolite as an "influential" stone with what they believe is the power to enhance well-being and detoxify the body by improving its flow of energy ...
In Honduras, the business-lending arm of the World Bank aligned itself with a key player in a land dispute that has left more than 130 people dead, including Gregorio Chávez, a preacher who went out to tend his garden one day and didn’t come back. In the last decade, the International Finance Corp.’s lending and influence has soared, even as it has embraced financing methods that shield ...
The Black Prince's Ruby is a large, irregular cabochon red spinel weighing 170 carats (34 g) set in the cross pattée above the Cullinan II diamond at the front of the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom. [1] The spinel is one of the oldest gems in the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, with a
Scores of unexploded bombs dating from World War II have been recovered from a children’s playground in northern England after a chance discovery.. Local officials in the town of Wooler ...