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In cryptography and computer science, a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every "leaf" node is labelled with the cryptographic hash of a data block, and every node that is not a leaf (called a branch, inner node, or inode) is labelled with the cryptographic hash of the labels of its child nodes.
In hash-based cryptography, the Merkle signature scheme is a digital signature scheme based on Merkle trees (also called hash trees) and one-time signatures such as the Lamport signature scheme. It was developed by Ralph Merkle in the late 1970s [1] and is an alternative to traditional digital signatures such as the Digital Signature Algorithm ...
Hash-based signature schemes use one-time signature schemes as their building block. A given one-time signing key can only be used to sign a single message securely. Indeed, signatures reveal part of the signing key. The security of (hash-based) one-time signature schemes relies exclusively on the security of an underlying hash function.
The Merkle–Damgård hash function first applies an MD-compliant padding function to create an input whose size is a multiple of a fixed number (e.g. 512 or 1024) — this is because compression functions cannot handle inputs of arbitrary size. The hash function then breaks the result into blocks of fixed size, and processes them one at a time ...
A common example of a practical partial reveal scheme is a Merkle tree, in which a binary hash tree is created of the elements of . This scheme creates commitments that are O ( 1 ) {\displaystyle O(1)} in size, and proofs that are O ( log 2 n ) {\displaystyle O(\log _{2}{n})} in size and verification time.
Ralph Merkle is a grandnephew of baseball star Fred Merkle; son of Theodore Charles Merkle, director of Project Pluto; and brother of Judith Merkle Riley, a historical writer. [9] Merkle is married to Carol Shaw , [ 9 ] the video game designer best known for the 1982 Atari 2600 game River Raid .
In computer science, hash tree may refer to: ... Hash tree (persistent data structure), an implementation strategy for sets and maps; Merkle tree; See also. Hash trie
The Merkle–Damgård hash construction. The boxes labeled [f] are a one-way compression function. A common use of one-way compression functions is in the Merkle–Damgård construction inside cryptographic hash functions. Most widely used hash functions, including MD5, SHA-1 (which is deprecated [2]) and SHA-2 use this construction.