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  2. Subtraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtraction

    The minuend digits are m 3 = 7, m 2 = 0 and m 1 = 4. The subtrahend digits are s 3 = 5, s 2 = 1 and s 1 = 2. Beginning at the one's place, 4 is not less than 2 so the difference 2 is written down in the result's one's place. In the ten's place, 0 is less than 1, so the 0 is increased by 10, and the difference with 1, which is 9, is written down ...

  3. Method of complements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements

    To subtract a decimal number y (the subtrahend) from another number x (the minuend) two methods may be used: In the first method, the nines' complement of x is added to y. Then the nines' complement of the result obtained is formed to produce the desired result. In the second method, the nines' complement of y is added to x and one is added to ...

  4. Elementary arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic

    The minus sign is also used to notate negative numbers. [10] Subtraction is not commutative, which means that the order of the numbers can change the final value; is not the same as . In elementary arithmetic, the minuend is always larger than the subtrahend to produce a positive result.

  5. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    Using scientific notation, a number is decomposed into the product of a number between 1 and 10, called the significand, and 10 raised to some integer power, called the exponent. The significand consists of the significant digits of the number, and is written as a leading digit 1–9 followed by a decimal point and a sequence of digits 0–9.

  6. Subtractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtractor

    The subtractor is best understood by considering that the subtrahend and both borrow bits have negative weights, whereas the X and D bits are positive. The operation performed by the subtractor is to rewrite (which can take the values -2, -1, 0, or 1) as the sum + +.

  7. Carry (arithmetic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_(arithmetic)

    1 47 − 19 ---- 28 Here, 7 − 9 = −2, so try (10 − 9) + 7 = 8, and the 10 is got by taking ("borrowing") 1 from the next digit to the left. There are two ways in which this is commonly taught: The ten is moved from the next digit left, leaving in this example 3 − 1 in the tens column.

  8. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    The graph of the logarithm base 2 crosses the x-axis at x = 1 and passes through the points (2, 1), (4, 2), and (8, 3), depicting, e.g., log 2 (8) = 3 and 2 3 = 8. The graph gets arbitrarily close to the y-axis, but does not meet it. Addition, multiplication, and exponentiation are three of the most fundamental arithmetic operations.

  9. Rod calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_calculus

    The 10 in the tens place minus the 8 below results in 2, which is added to the 3 above to form 5. The top row now is 3451, the bottom 9. Borrow 1 from the 5 in the tens place on top, which leaves 4. The 1 borrowed from the tens is 10 in the units place, subtracting 9 which results in 1, which are added to the top to form 2.