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The Meyer-Overton correlation for anaesthetics. A nonspecific mechanism of general anaesthetic action was first proposed by Emil Harless and Ernst von Bibra in 1847. [9] They suggested that general anaesthetics may act by dissolving in the fatty fraction of brain cells and removing fatty constituents from them, thus changing activity of brain cells and inducing anaesthesia.
General anaesthetics (or anesthetics) are often defined as compounds that induce a loss of consciousness in humans or loss of righting reflex in animals. Clinical definitions are also extended to include an induced coma that causes lack of awareness to painful stimuli, sufficient to facilitate surgical applications in clinical and veterinary practice.
General anaesthesia (UK) or general anesthesia (US) is medically induced loss of consciousness that renders a patient unarousable even by painful stimuli. [5] It is achieved through medications, which can be injected or inhaled, often with an analgesic and neuromuscular blocking agent .
For example, the photograph shows Dr. Waters in 1937, with fifteen male residents and one female resident, Dr. Virginia Apgar. Among his contributions to the field were the development of the gas cyclopropane for clinical use, beginning in the 1930s; the carbon dioxide absorption method; and endobronchial anesthesia for thoracic surgery .
In light of the preclinical and clinical literature, in 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a communication [9] containing a warning that "repeated or lengthy use of general anesthetic and sedation drugs during surgeries or procedures in children younger than three years or in pregnant women during their third trimester may ...
Subsequently, the term and variant spellings like anæsthesia are used in medical literature signifying "insensibility". [28] In 1846, in a letter, Oliver Wendell Holmes proposed the term anesthesia to be used for the state induced by an agent and anesthetic for the agent itself. Holmes motivates this with earlier uses of anesthesia in medical ...
Anesthesia – pharmacologically induced and reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes or decreased sympathetic nervous system, or all simultaneously. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience.
To determine the depth of anesthesia, the anesthetist relies on a series of physical signs of the patient. In 1847, John Snow (1813–1858) [1] and Francis Plomley [2] attempted to describe various stages of general anesthesia, but Guedel in 1937 described a detailed system which was generally accepted. [3] [4] [5]