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Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders that are typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] Sickle cell anemia results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2]
The sickle cell trait provides a survival advantage against malaria fatality over people with normal hemoglobin in regions where malaria is endemic. The trait is known to cause significantly fewer deaths due to malaria, especially when Plasmodium falciparum is the causative organism.
Red cell alloimmunisation is common in people with sickle cell disease who receive transfusions in Europe and North America. [4] This is because there are ethnic differences in the frequencies of blood group antigens. [4] Blood donors are usually Caucasian whereas the blood transfusion recipients usually have an African or Afro-Caribbean ancestry.
Assuming a vaccine is 100% effective, then the equation used for calculating the herd immunity threshold can be used for calculating the vaccination level needed to eliminate a disease, written as V c. [2] Vaccines are usually imperfect however, so the effectiveness, E, of a vaccine must be accounted for:
Sickle cell anemia is a classic example of the mixed benefit given by the staying power of pleiotropic genes, as the mutation to Hb-S provides the fitness benefit of malaria resistance to heterozygotes as sickle cell trait, while homozygotes have significantly lowered life expectancy—what is known as "heterozygote advantage". Since both of ...
The price tags for the two sickle cell therapies in the U.S. are $3.1 million and $2.2 million although the cost for gene therapies can vary by country. The process of giving the therapies is just ...
They are catalase-producing and lactose-nonfermenting. [1] Members of BCC are opportunistic human pathogens that most often cause pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals with underlying lung disease (such as cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease). [2] Patients with sickle-cell haemoglobinopathies are also at risk.
The Star spoke to Kansas City area experts for information regarding the newest treatments for sickle cell disease. Kansas Citians with sickle cell disease may benefit from new FDA-approved treatments