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Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The Myc family consists of three related human genes: c-myc , l-myc , and n-myc . c-myc (also sometimes referred to as MYC) was the first gene to be discovered in this family, due to homology with the viral gene v-myc.
Rearrangement of dimers (e.g., Mad:Max, Max:Myc) provides a system of transcriptional regulation with greater diversity of gene targets. Max must dimerise in order to be biologically active. [7] Transcriptionally active hetero- and homodimers involving Max can promote cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. [8]
The MYCN gene is a member of the MYC family of transcription factors and encodes a protein with a basic helix-loop-helix domain. This protein is located in the cell nucleus and must dimerize with another bHLH protein in order to bind DNA. [5] N-Myc is highly expressed in the fetal brain and is critical for normal brain development. [6]
In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is ...
Many transcription factors, especially some that are proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressors, help regulate the cell cycle and as such determine how large a cell will get and when it can divide into two daughter cells. [32] [33] One example is the Myc oncogene, which has important roles in cell growth and apoptosis. [34]
Genetic regulatory circuits (also referred to as transcriptional regulatory circuits) is a concept that evolved from the Operon Model discovered by François Jacob and Jacques Monod. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They are functional clusters of genes that impact each other's expression through inducible transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements .
Structure of a gene regulatory network Control process of a gene regulatory network. A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell.
Up-regulation is a process which occurs within a cell triggered by a signal (originating internal or external to the cell), which results in increased expression of one or more genes and as a result the proteins encoded by those genes. Conversely, down-regulation is a process resulting in decreased gene and corresponding protein expression.