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The change of rock composition most responsible for the creation of magma is the addition of water. Water lowers the solidus temperature of rocks at a given pressure. For example, at a depth of about 100 kilometres, peridotite begins to melt near 800 °C in the presence of excess water, but near or above about 1,500 °C in the absence of water ...
The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. [2] [3] An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of ...
Rime ice also forms when ice forms on the surface of an aircraft, particularly on the leading edges and control surfaces when it flies through a cloud made of supercooled water liquid droplets. Rime ice is the least dense, milky ice is intermediately dense and clear ice is the most dense. All forms of ice can spoil lift and may have a ...
[10]: 21 Water vapor plays an important role in lowering the melting point of silicic rock, [10]: 43 and some rhyolitic magmas may have a water content as high as 7–8 weight percent. [20] [21]: 44 High-silica rhyolite (HSR), with a silica content of 75 to 77·8% SiO 2, forms a distinctive subgroup within the rhyolites.
Pillow lava on the ocean floor of Hawaii. Pillow lavas are lavas that contain characteristic pillow-shaped structures that are attributed to the extrusion of the lava underwater, or subaqueous extrusion. Pillow lavas in volcanic rock are characterized by thick sequences of discontinuous pillow-shaped masses, commonly up to one meter in diameter.
In 2007, Platform released Platform Lava, which is a simplified version of LSF based on an old version of LSF release, licensed under GNU General Public License v2. [5] The project was discontinued in 2011, succeeded by OpenLava. In January, 2012, Platform Computing was acquired by IBM. [6] The product is now called IBM Spectrum LSF.
Member A and B were sourced from separate magma reservoirs prior to eruption, [19] at a depth range of 3–6 km (1.9–3.7 mi) [20] and a temperature of 790–815 °C (1,454–1,499 °F). [21] The eruption of member B was probably triggered by a combination of an injection of new silicic magma into the reservoir and volatile exsolution from ...
Mauna Loa's summit hosts three overlapping pit craters arranged northeast–southwest, the first and last roughly 1 km (0.6 mi) in diameter and the second an oblong 4.2 km × 2.5 km (2.6 mi × 1.6 mi) feature; together these three craters make up the 6.2 by 2.5 km (3.9 by 1.6 mi) summit caldera Mokuʻāweoweo, [29] so named for the Hawaiian ...