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Traditional Sámi spiritual practices and beliefs are based on a type of animism, polytheism, and what anthropologists may consider shamanism. The religious traditions can vary considerably from region to region within Sápmi. Traditional Sámi religion is generally considered to be Animism.
The drum is closely associated with reindeer, the riding of which facilitated the shaman's ability to go on journeys, and was the source of the shaman's strength. A shaman's drum was initiated and brought to life in an initiation ceremony that concluded with a feast of reindeer meat that had been slaughtered the day before. [4]
A Sámi drum is a shamanic ceremonial drum used by the Sámi people of Northern Europe. Sámi ceremonial drums have two main variations, both oval-shaped: a bowl drum in which the drumhead is strapped over a burl, and a frame drum in which the drumhead stretches over a thin ring of bentwood.
A Buryat boy in a shaman ritual Tuvan shaman Tash-ool Buuevich Kunga consecrating an ovoo. A large minority of people in North Asia, particularly in Siberia, follow the religio-cultural practices of shamanism. Some researchers regard Siberia as the heartland of shamanism. [1] [2]
Among other roles, the Noaidi, or Sámi shaman, enables ritual communication with the supernatural [125] through the use of tools such as drums, Joik, Fadno, chants, sacred objects, and fly agaric. [ 126 ] [ 127 ] Some practices within the Sámi religion include natural sacred sites such as mountains, springs, land formations, Sieidi , as well ...
Some of the Sami people's traditional Noaidi beliefs and practices shared important features with those of some Siberian cultures. [12] Some of their joiks were sung during shamanistic rites, [ 13 ] and this memory is conserved also in a folklore text (a shaman story). [ 14 ]
Depiction of Horagalles from a Sami shaman drum found in Norway. The drum symbols were copied by the Christian priest Thomas von Westen in the 18th century. [8] The two hammers of the thunder god depicted as a blue cross on a late 18th-century shaman drum from Porsanger Municipality, Western Finnmark, Norway, described by the Christian missionary Knud Leem.
In the Kingdoms of Denmark-Norway, the Sami religion was banned on pain of death as witchcraft. During the 17th-century, the persecution of the followers of Sami religion were more intensely persecuted than before by Christian missionaries, and several Sami were persecuted for sorcery because they practiced the Sami religion. [2]