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  2. Phonological changes from Classical Latin to Proto-Romance

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_changes_from...

    If that results in a collision of identical short vowels, they simply form the corresponding long vowel, as in /koˈhorte/ > /ˈkoːrte/. [2] Final (unstressed) /m/ is lost without a trace in polysyllabic words, as in /ˈnunkʷam/ > /ˈnunkʷa/. [3] In (stressed) monosyllables it tends to survive as /n/, as in /ˈkʷem/ > /ˈkʷen/ > Spanish ...

  3. Spanish phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_phonology

    Although word-initial /ɲ/ is not forbidden (for example, it occurs in borrowed words such as ñandú and ñu and in dialectal forms such as ñudo) it is relatively rare [35] and so may be described as having restricted distribution in this position. [107] In native Spanish words, the trill /r/ does not appear after a glide. [8]

  4. Occitan phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_phonology

    In unstressed positions, vowels /i, y, u/ become lax sounds [ɪ, ʏ, ʊ]. In an unstressed position, some vowels cannot be realized and become more closed vowels: The stressed vowel /ɔ/ ò becomes the unstressed vowel [u] o . For instance (stress underlined): còde /ˈkɔde/ → codificar /kudifiˈka/.

  5. Spanish dialects and varieties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties

    In standard European Spanish, as well as in many dialects in the Americas (e.g. standard Argentine or Rioplatense, inland Colombian, and Mexican), word-final /n/ is, by default (i.e. when followed by a pause or by an initial vowel in the following word), alveolar, like English [n] in pen. When followed by a consonant, it assimilates to that ...

  6. Spanish orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_orthography

    Ortografía de la lengua española (2010). Spanish orthography is the orthography used in the Spanish language.The alphabet uses the Latin script.The spelling is fairly phonemic, especially in comparison to more opaque orthographies like English, having a relatively consistent mapping of graphemes to phonemes; in other words, the pronunciation of a given Spanish-language word can largely be ...

  7. Vowel reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_reduction

    Cardinal vowel chart showing peripheral (white) and central (blue) vowel space, based on the chart in Collins & Mees (2003:227). Phonetic reduction most often involves a mid-centralization of the vowel, that is, a reduction in the amount of movement of the tongue in pronouncing the vowel, as with the characteristic change of many unstressed vowels at the ends of English words to something ...

  8. Spanish irregular verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_irregular_verbs

    There are two kinds of changes that can affect stem vowels of some Spanish verbs: diphthongization and vowel raising. Both changes affect -e-or -o-in the last (or only) syllable of a verb stem. Diphthongization changes -e-to -ie-, and -o-to -ue-. Vowel raising changes the mid vowels-e-and -o-to the corresponding high vowels: -i-and -u-respectively.

  9. History of the Spanish language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Spanish...

    Accents—used in Modern Spanish to mark the vowel of the stressed syllable in words where stress is not predictable from rules—came into use sporadically in the 15th century, and massively in the 16th century. Their use began to be standardized with the advent of the Spanish Royal Academy in the 18th century. See also Spanish orthography.