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Corallinales is the one genus of red algae exists but their distribution ranges across the world's oceans. [30] Examples include Corallina, Neogoniolithon, and Harveylithon. [30] The magnesium-rich calcium carbonate of Corallinales cell wall provides shelter from predators and structural integrity in the intertidal zone.
Coralline algae are especially important in reef construction, as they lay down calcium carbonate as calcite. Although they contribute considerable bulk to the calcium carbonate structure of coral reefs, their more important role in most areas of the reef, is in acting as the cement which binds the reef materials into a sturdy structure. [38]
Coralline algae, which secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building coral reefs, belong there. Red algae such as Palmaria palmata (dulse) and Porphyra species (laver/nori/gim) are a traditional part of European and Asian cuisines and are used to make products such as agar, carrageenans, and other food additives. [16]
Biogenic calcium carbonate is formed when marine organisms, such as coccolithophores, corals, pteropods, and other mollusks transform calcium ions and bicarbonate into shells and exoskeletons of calcite or aragonite, both forms of calcium carbonate. [57] This is the dominant sink for dissolved calcium in the ocean. [114]
Marine algae can be divided into six groups: green, red and brown algae, euglenophytes, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellates and diatoms are important components of marine algae and have their own sections below. Euglenophytes are a phylum of unicellular flagellates with only a few marine members. Not all algae are microscopic.
Calcium carbonate thus becomes undersaturated, and structures made of calcium carbonate are vulnerable to calcification stress and dissolution. [94] In particular, studies show that corals, [ 95 ] [ 96 ] coccolithophores, [ 90 ] [ 28 ] [ 97 ] coralline algae, [ 98 ] foraminifera, [ 99 ] shellfish and pteropods [ 100 ] experience reduced ...
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