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[3] [2] [4] The modafinil analogues are of interest in the potential treatment of a condition involving the misuse of stimulant drugs (psychostimulant use disorder or PSUD), as drugs that help increase motivation (pro-motivational agents) to treat motivational disorders, [4] [5] [6] and for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as ...
[1] [5] [11] Chemically, armodafinil is the enantiopure (R)-(–)-enantiomer of the racemic mixture modafinil (brand name Provigil). [1] [4] [5] Both enantiomers of modafinil are active as DRIs and wakefulness-promoting agents, but armodafinil is more potent and longer-acting. [4] [5] Armodafinil is produced by the pharmaceutical company ...
Modafinil performs moderately (but better than armodafinil or solriamfetol) [30] as a drug to overcome excessive daytime sleepiness caused by obstructive sleep apnea, [31] though it is recommended that people with apnea use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, that is a sleep breathing apparatus to prevent apnea, before starting ...
Modafinil and armodafinil are thought to act as selective, weak, atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). [13] [3] [4] However, additional actions are also possible and have not been ruled out. [13] Adrafinil acts as a prodrug of modafinil and hence shares its mechanism of action. [13]
CE-158 is a highly selective DRI with much greater potency than modafinil. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] As ( S , S )-CE-158, its inhibitory potencies ( IC 50 Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration ) at the monoamine transporters are 227 nM at the dopamine transporter (DAT), 11,970 nM at the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (53-fold lower), and inactive ...
Provigil is a combination of R and S isomers of modafinil. Nuvigil uses only the R isomer, with the hope that it will have longer lasting effects in the body. However, Cephalon states that it has no comparative test data on Nuvigil and Provigil, either on efficacy or patient tolerance. Both substances carry a risk of dependency and producing mania.
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
For more information see List of modafinil analogues and derivatives. This category lists chemical compounds similar to modafinil , a wakefulness-promoting medication. The compounds in this category have similar chemical formula to that of modafinil.