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Another problem with rapid urbanization is the fall in investments in rural infrastructure. There are abundant investments in urbanization projects. Populations of people living in urban areas are predicted to increase by more than 65% by 2030. However, after 1980, investments in rural projects began to fall.
The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. As of 2022, countries with more than 80% of people living in urban areas include the United States , Canada , Mexico , Brazil , Argentina , Chile , Japan , Australia , the United Kingdom ...
In 2010, UN forecasted that urban population of 3.2 billion would rise to nearly 5 billion by 2030, when three out of five, or 60%, of people would live in cities. [20] This increase will be most dramatic on the least-urbanized continents, Asia and Africa .
Jakarta was the only city granted the kotaraya status, due to its function as the capital of Indonesia. [8] The terms kotaraya and kotapraja had been abolished since 1974, and kotamadya was used for most of urban areas in Indonesia up to 1999. Jakarta continued to be the only urban area with a province status. [9]
The urbanization of most of Africa is moving fast forward, especially south of the Sahara. [1] It is estimated that in 1900, about 89% of inhabitants lived from the primary occupations of farming, hunting and gathering, cattle nomadism, and fishing (Aase, 2003:1) meaning that 11% or less were urban.
As of the 2020 census, there are a total of fourteen cities in Indonesia exceeding a population of one million people, and about 32.6 million people live in these fourteen cities (or 12.07% of Indonesia's population of 270.2 million people as of the 2020 census). Most of the provinces' largest cities in Indonesia are also their capital cities.
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
3.9 billion people—half of the world's population—currently live in cities globally. It is projected that 5 billion people will live in cities by 2030. [95] Cities across the world occupy just 3 percent of the Earth's land, yet account for 60–80 percent of energy consumption and 75 percent of carbon emissions. There are serious challenges ...