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Julian [i] (Latin: Flavius Claudius Julianus; Ancient Greek: Ἰουλιανός Ioulianos; 331 – 26 June 363) was the Caesar of the West from 355 to 360 and Roman emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek.
Upon becoming emperor, however, he added the Julian-affiliated cognomen Caesar to his full name. [citation needed] Nero (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) was a great-great-grandson of Augustus and Livia through his mother, Agrippina the Younger. The younger Agrippina was a daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, as well as ...
On 6 November 355, Julian was declared Caesar by Constantius II. The new Caesar was a paternal first cousin to Helena and her siblings. He was a son of Julius Constantius and his second wife Basilina. [7]
Julian's Persian expedition began in March 363 AD and was the final military campaign of the Roman emperor Julian. The Romans fought against the Sasanian Empire , ruled at the time by Shapur II . Aiming to capture the Sasanians' winter capital of Ctesiphon , Julian assembled a large army.
Julian portrayed Christians as apostates from Judaism, which the Emperor considered to be a very old and established religion that should be fully accepted. After Julian's death in battle in 363, the essay was anathematized, and even the text was lost. Julian's arguments are only known second-hand, through texts written by Christian authors.
Julian was Roman co-emperor since 355, and ruled solely for 18 months 361–363. Known to Christians as "Julian the Apostate", he was a nephew of Constantine the Great and received a Christian training. Following the death of Constantine, he witnessed the assassination of his father, brother and other family members by the guards of the ...
Constantine I with his two eldest sons by Fausta, Constantine II and Constantius II Silver coin of Constans, showing Constans, Constantine II and Constantius II. The Constantinian dynasty is an informal name for the ruling family of the Roman Empire from Constantius Chlorus (died 306) to the death of Julian in 363.
Constantine I the Great 272-306-337: Minervina: Dalmatius caesar: Hannibalianus (1) Constantius Gallus (2) Julian 331-360-363: Helena d. 360: Constantina ∞ 1.Hannibalianus 2.Constantius Gallus: Constantius II 317-337-361 ∞ Faustina: Constantine II Western emperor 316-337-340: Constans I Western emperor 320-337-350 (daughter) ∞ Justus ...