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The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs.
Pulmonic consonants. Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Areas shaded grey indicate articulations judged impossible.
Consonants (Pulmonic) Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
How to Use the IPA Chart. The interactive IPA chart helps you identify the sounds of language. To use the phoneme chart, first familiarize yourself with each IPA symbol and the corresponding IPA pronunciation of the sound.
consonants (pulmonic) 2020 ipa Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
IPA i-charts (2024) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) −. Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) −. OTHER SYMBOLS −. DIACRITICS −. Some diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender. SUPRASEGMENTALS −. TONES AND WORD ACCENTS −.
2015 IPA. Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
An American IPA chart with sounds and examples. All the sounds of American English (General American): consonants, simple vowels and diphthongs. Interactive infographic + audio + PDF; easy to remember.
Interactive IPA Chart. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It provides a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. Both consonants and vowels have both a manner and place of articulation. You can learn more about the IPA on Wikipedia.