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  2. Moore–Penrose inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore–Penrose_inverse

    Moore–Penrose inverse. In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, the Moore–Penrose inverse ⁠ ⁠ of a matrix ⁠ ⁠, often called the pseudoinverse, is the most widely known generalization of the inverse matrix. [1] It was independently described by E. H. Moore in 1920, [2] Arne Bjerhammar in 1951, [3] and Roger Penrose in 1955. [4]

  3. NumPy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NumPy

    numpy.org. NumPy (pronounced / ˈnʌmpaɪ / NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. [3] The predecessor of NumPy, Numeric, was originally created by Jim Hugunin with ...

  4. Inverse Gaussian distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_Gaussian_distribution

    Inverse Gaussian. In probability theory, the inverse Gaussian distribution (also known as the Wald distribution) is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions with support on (0,∞). Its probability density function is given by. for x > 0, where is the mean and is the shape parameter.

  5. Invertible matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix

    Matrix inversion is the process of finding the matrix which when multiplied by the original matrix gives the identity matrix. [2] Over a field, a square matrix that is not invertible is called singular or degenerate. A square matrix with entries in a field is singular if and only if its determinant is zero.

  6. Block matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_matrix

    In mathematics, a block matrix or a partitioned matrix is a matrix that is interpreted as having been broken into sections called blocks or submatrices. [1] [2]Intuitively, a matrix interpreted as a block matrix can be visualized as the original matrix with a collection of horizontal and vertical lines, which break it up, or partition it, into a collection of smaller matrices.

  7. Gauss–Seidel method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss–Seidel_method

    Gauss–Seidel method. In numerical linear algebra, the Gauss–Seidel method, also known as the Liebmann method or the method of successive displacement, is an iterative method used to solve a system of linear equations. It is named after the German mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss and Philipp Ludwig von Seidel.

  8. Vectorization (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorization_(mathematics)

    Vectorization (mathematics) In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the vectorization of a matrix is a linear transformation which converts the matrix into a vector. Specifically, the vectorization of a m × n matrix A, denoted vec (A), is the mn × 1 column vector obtained by stacking the columns of the matrix A on top ...

  9. Gram matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_matrix

    Gram matrix. In linear algebra, the Gram matrix (or Gramian matrix, Gramian) of a set of vectors in an inner product space is the Hermitian matrix of inner products, whose entries are given by the inner product . [1] If the vectors are the columns of matrix then the Gram matrix is in the general case that the vector coordinates are complex ...