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The other axis (authoritarian–libertarian) measures one's political opinions in a social sense, regarding the amount of personal freedom that one would allow. Libertarianism is defined as the belief that personal freedom should be maximised, while authoritarianism is defined as the belief that authority should be obeyed.
As a term, libertarian or economic libertarian has the most colloquial acceptance to describe a member of the movement, with the latter term being based on both the ideology's primacy of economics and its distinction from libertarians of the New Left. [86] A diagram of the typology of beliefs in libertarianism (both left and right, respectively).
David Nolan. The claim that political positions can be located on a chart with two axes: left–right and tough–tender (authoritarian-libertarian) was put forward by the British psychologist Hans Eysenck in his 1954 book The Psychology of Politics with statistical evidence based on survey data. [1]
A political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to one another. These positions sit upon one or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions. [1] The expressions political compass and political map are used to refer to the political spectrum as well, especially to ...
v. t. e. Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations ...
v. t. e. Left-libertarianism, [1] also known as left-wing libertarianism, [2] is a political philosophy and type of libertarianism that stresses both individual freedom and social equality. Left-libertarianism represents several related yet distinct approaches to political and social theory. Its classical usage refers to anti-authoritarian ...
v. t. e. Right-libertarianism, [1][2][3][4] also known as libertarian capitalism, [5] or right-wing libertarianism, [1][6] is a libertarian political philosophy that supports capitalist property rights and defends market distribution of natural resources and private property. [7] The term right-libertarianism is used to distinguish this class ...
t. e. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to libertarianism: Libertarianism – political philosophy that upholds liberty as its principal objective. As a result, libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and freedom of choice, emphasizing political freedom, voluntary association and the primacy of individual ...