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Vincenty's formulae. Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a ...
Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
Pressure per unit distance pascal/m L −2 M 1 T −2: vector Temperature gradient: steepest rate of temperature change at a particular location K/m L −1 Θ: vector Torque: τ: Product of a force and the perpendicular distance of the force from the point about which it is exerted newton-metre (N⋅m) L 2 M T −2
Distance from a point to a line. The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be ...
Torricelli's law, also known as Torricelli's theorem, is a theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing from an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening. The law states that the speed of efflux of a fluid through a sharp-edged hole in the wall of the tank filled to a height above the hole is the same as the speed that a ...
Euler's theorem: In geometry, Euler's theorem states that the distance d between the circumcenter and incenter of a triangle is given by [1][2] or equivalently where and denote the circumradius and inradius respectively (the radii of the circumscribed circle and inscribed circle respectively). The theorem is named for Leonhard Euler, who ...
The first general equation of motion developed was Newton's second law of motion. In its most general form it states the rate of change of momentum p = p(t) = mv(t) of an object equals the force F = F(x(t), v(t), t) acting on it, [13]: 1112. The force in the equation is not the force the object exerts.
Interior angle Δθ = θ 1 −θ 2. The Pythagorean theorem is a special case of the more general theorem relating the lengths of sides in any triangle, the law of cosines, which states that where is the angle between sides and . [45] When is radians or 90°, then , and the formula reduces to the usual Pythagorean theorem.