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  2. Law of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_Ottoman_Empire

    Throughout the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire adhered to the use of three different codes of criminal law. The first was introduced in 1840, directly following the Edict of Gülhane, an event which started the period of the Tanzimat reforms. In 1851, a second code was introduced. In this one, the laws were nearly the same as the ones in the ...

  3. Christianity in the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the...

    Christian liturgical procession from the Ottoman Empire, depicted by Lambert de Vos in 1574. Under the Ottoman Empire 's millet system, Christians and Jews were considered dhimmi (meaning "protected") under Ottoman law in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the jizya tax. [1][2] Orthodox Christians were the largest non-Muslim group.

  4. Constitution of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the...

    An English translation of the Constitution, derived from the French version, published in The American Journal of International Law. The Ottoman Porte believed that once the Christian population was represented in the legislative assembly, no foreign power could legitimize the promotion of her national interests under pretext of representing the rights of these people of religious and ethnic ...

  5. History of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire

    History of Turkey. The Ottoman Empire was founded c. 1299 by Osman I as a small beylik in northwestern Asia Minor just south of the Byzantine capital Constantinople. In 1326, the Ottomans captured nearby Bursa, cutting off Asia Minor from Byzantine control.

  6. Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire

    Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, [j] historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, [24][25] was an empire [k] centred in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early ...

  7. Ottoman Land Code of 1858 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Land_Code_of_1858

    It was founded on traditional land practices and included categories of land cited in Islamic law. [6] In 1858 the Ottoman Empire introduced The Ottoman Land Code of 1858, requiring land owners to register ownership. The reasons behind the law were twofold. (1) to increase tax revenue, and (2) to exercise greater state control over the area.

  8. Languages of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Ottoman...

    The Ottomans had three influential languages, known as "Alsina-i Thalātha" (The Three Languages), that were common to Ottoman readers: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic and Persian. [2] Turkish was spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania, Bosnia, and various Aegean Sea islands ...

  9. Islam in the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Ottoman_Empire

    Since the founding of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman law and religious life were defined by the Hanafi madhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence). With respect to creed, the Maturidi school was majorly adhered to, dominating madrassahs (Islamic Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the ...