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Cell-cycle specific chemotherapy drugs only affect cells when they are dividing, whereas cell-cycle non-specific drugs affect cells when they are at rest. [13] Lomustine is a cell cycle non-specific, highly lipophilic alkylating agent which produces chloroethyl carbenium ions and carbamylating intermediates in vivo.
Some chemotherapy drugs are used in diseases other than cancer, such as in autoimmune disorders, [166] and noncancerous plasma cell dyscrasia. In some cases they are often used at lower doses, which means that the side effects are minimized, [166] while in other cases doses similar to ones used to treat cancer are used.
A chemotherapy regimen is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations. In modern oncology, many regimens combine several chemotherapy drugs in combination chemotherapy. The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytostatic, many via ...
Recently, there has been a change in cancer treatment toward less toxic, more customized regimens. Metronomic chemotherapy, which involves regularly giving patients low dosages of chemotherapy drugs, is one instance of this. [46] This technique has been shown to have the potential to change the tumor microenvironment and limit tumor growth. [47]
This is called "combination chemotherapy"; most chemotherapy regimens are given in a combination. [12] Since chemotherapy affects the whole body, it can have a wide range of side effects. Patients often find that they start losing their hair since the drugs that are combatting the cancer cells also attack the cells in the hair roots.
CHOP is the acronym for a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CHOP consists of: CHOP consists of: C yclophosphamide , an alkylating agent which damages DNA by binding to it and causing the formation of cross-links
These drugs block one or more of the nerve signals that cause nausea and vomiting. During the first 24 hours after chemotherapy, the most effective approach appears to be blocking the 5-HT 3 nerve signal. [10] Approved 5-HT 3 inhibitors include dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso), and ondansetron (Zofran). Their antiemetic ...
Common side effects include nausea and bone marrow suppression. [7] Other severe side effects may include anaphylaxis and the development of other cancers. [7] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. [8] Melphalan belongs to the class of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. [7] It works by interfering with the creation of DNA and ...