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  2. Merism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merism

    Synecdoche, referring to a whole by the name of one of its parts (or vice versa): Pars pro toto, where the part is used to refer to the whole. Totum pro parte, where the whole is used to refer to a part. Lock, stock, and barrel; Dvandva; Hendiadys – Conjunction for emphasis

  3. Binary opposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_opposition

    Binary opposition is the system of language and/or thought by which two theoretical opposites are strictly defined and set off against one another. [1] It is the contrast between two mutually exclusive terms, such as on and off, up and down, left and right. [ 2 ]

  4. Contraposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraposition

    One statement is the contrapositive of the other only when its antecedent is the negated consequent of the other, and vice versa. Thus a contrapositive generally takes the form of: Thus a contrapositive generally takes the form of:

  5. Āstika and nāstika - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Āstika_and_nāstika

    According to Sanskrit grammarian Hemachandra, āstika is a synonym for 'he who believes'. [17] Other definitions include: 'opposite of nāstika' (nāstika bhinna); 'he whose idea is that Īśvara exists' (īśvara asti iti vādī); and 'he who considers the Vedas as authorities' (vedaprāmāṇyavādī).

  6. Contronym - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contronym

    A contronym is a word with two opposite meanings. For example, the word cleave can mean "to cut apart" or "to bind together". This feature is also called enantiosemy, [1] [2] enantionymy (enantio-means "opposite"), antilogy or autoantonymy. An enantiosemic term is by definition polysemic.

  7. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonym

    An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings.

  8. Thesaurus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaurus

    A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.

  9. Negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation

    In classical logic, negation is normally identified with the truth function that takes truth to falsity (and vice versa). In intuitionistic logic , according to the Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation , the negation of a proposition P {\displaystyle P} is the proposition whose proofs are the refutations of P {\displaystyle P} .