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Safer than both nifedipine and beta agonists; As effective as nifedipine and more effective than beta agonists. [29] Fewer side effects than β 2 agonists. [30] Although not FDA approved in the US, atosiban was developed specifically to delay preterm labor. [31] No current contraindications No maternal adverse effects [32]
Common side effects include lightheadedness, headache, feeling tired, leg swelling, cough, and shortness of breath. [2] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure and heart failure. [2] Nifedipine is considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. [5] Nifedipine was patented in 1967, and approved for use in the United States in 1981.
The release of oxytocin helps to facilitate stronger contractions during labor to aid in delivery of the fetus. Additionally, during pregnancy, the uterine muscles have an increased concentration of oxytocin receptors, leading to an increased response to oxytocin as well.
Pain management during childbirth is the partial treatment and a way of reducing any pain that a woman may experience during labor and delivery. The amount of pain a woman feels during labor depends partly on the size and position of her baby, the size of her pelvis, her emotions, the strength of the contractions, and her outlook. [1]
Methylergonovine: This is an ergot alkaloid and has multiple mechanisms of action to induce fast, regular uterine contractions which leads to sustained uterine contraction. [24] It can cause peripheral vasoconstriction and is contraindicated in patients with hypertension or pregnancy related hypertension. [25]
Opioid use during pregnancy may cause adverse outcomes for the women and unborn child. [11] Women who use opioids during pregnancy in a non-medical fashion are at a higher risk for premature birth, lower birth weight, still birth, specific birth defects, and withdrawal (neonatal abstinence syndrome). [11]
Uterine contractions are muscle contractions of the uterine smooth muscle that can occur at various intensities in both the non-pregnant and pregnant uterine state. The non-pregnant uterus undergoes small, spontaneous contractions in addition to stronger, coordinated contractions during the menstrual cycle and orgasm.
Side effects of these drugs may include but are not limited to: Constipation; Peripheral edema, which can occur in as much as 70% of people receiving calcium channel blocker, is caused by calcium channel blockers' preferential arteriolar or precapillary dilation without commensurate dilation in the venous or postcapillary circulation.