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The work for which Cohen is best known, Karl Marx's Theory of History helped to establish analytical Marxism and was awarded the Isaac Deutscher memorial prize. [4] [5] Cohen's interpretation of Marx runs counter to most forms of twentieth-century Marxism, [6] and has been criticised as a form of technological determinism. [3] [6] [7]
Marx based his theory of history on the necessity of labor to ensure physical survival. In The German Ideology , Marx wrote that the first historical act was the production of means to satisfy material needs and that labor is a "fundamental condition of all history, which today, as thousands of years ago, must daily and hourly be fulfilled ...
Karl Marx [a] (German: [kaʁl ˈmaʁks]; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, political economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.
Marxist historiography, or historical materialist historiography, is an influential school of historiography.The chief tenets of Marxist historiography include the centrality of social class, social relations of production in class-divided societies that struggle against each other, and economic constraints in determining historical outcomes (historical materialism).
While Marx accepted this broad conception of history, Hegel was an idealist and Marx sought to rewrite dialectics in materialist terms. He summarized the materialistic aspect of his theory of history in the 1859 preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy:
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that originates in the works of 19th century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.Marxism analyzes and critiques the development of class society and especially of capitalism as well as the role of class struggles in systemic, economic, social and political change.