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  2. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...

  3. Square root of 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2

    The square root of 2 (approximately 1.4142) is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself or squared, equals the number 2.

  4. Irrational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number

    This polynomial has no rational roots, since the rational root theorem shows that the only possibilities are ±1, but x 0 is greater than 1. So x 0 is an irrational algebraic number. There are countably many algebraic numbers, since there are countably many integer polynomials.

  5. Silver ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_ratio

    The name silver ratio results from analogy with the golden ratio, the positive solution of the equation x 2 = x + 1. Although its name is recent, the silver ratio (or silver mean) has been studied since ancient times because of its connections to the square root of 2 , almost-isosceles Pythagorean triples , square triangular numbers , Pell ...

  6. Pollard's rho algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard's_rho_algorithm

    Now 97 is a non-trivial factor of 8051. Starting values other than x = y = 2 may give the cofactor (83) instead of 97. One extra iteration is shown above to make it clear that y moves twice as fast as x.

  7. Cube root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_root

    In mathematics, a cube root of a number x is a number y that has the given number as its third power; that is =. The number of cube roots of a number depends on the number system that is considered. Every nonzero real number x has exactly one real cube root that is denoted x 3 {\textstyle {\sqrt[{3}]{x}}} and called the real cube root of x or ...

  8. Moseley's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moseley's_law

    A list of experimentally found and theoretically calculated X-ray transition energies is available at NIST. [8] Nowadays, theoretical energies are computed with much greater accuracy than Moseley's law allows, using modern computational models such as the Dirac–Fock method (the Hartree–Fock method with the relativistic effects accounted for).