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The waist–hip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. This is calculated as waist measurement divided by hip measurement (W ⁄ H). For example, a person with a 75 cm waist and 95 cm hips (or a 30-inch waist and 38-inch hips) has WHR of about 0.79.
The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, [a] or WSR: waist-to-stature ratio) is the waist circumference divided by body height, both measured in the same units. WHtR is a measure of the distribution of body fat. Higher values of WHtR indicate higher risk of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases, which are correlated with abdominal obesity. [1]
In human body measurement, these three sizes are the circumferences of the bust, waist and hips; usually rendered as xx–yy–zz in inches, or centimeters. The three sizes are used mostly in fashion, and almost exclusively in reference to women, [1] who, compared to men, are more likely to have a narrow waist relative to their hips.
Waist-to-height ratio: the average ratio for US college competitive swimmers is 0.424 (women) and 0.428 (men); the ratios for a (US) normally healthy man or woman is 0.46–0.53 and 0.45–0.49 respectively; the ratio ranges beyond 0.63 for morbidly obese individuals. [15]
Variables such as posture significantly influence the measurement of the waist, and therefore any measurements for a group need to maintain a constant posture between the subjects. [6] Waist size (waist circumference) is an indicator of abdominal obesity and is one of the criteria for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome. Excess abdominal fat is a ...
Classifications of female body sizes are mainly based on the circumference of the bust–waist–hip , as in 90-60-90 (centimeters) or 36–24–36 (inches) respectively. In this case, the waist–hip ratio is 60/90 or 24/36 = 0.67. Many terms or classifications are used to describe body shape types:
Corpulence index – Measure of leanness (corpulence) of a person; History of anthropometry – Historical uses of anthropometry; Normal weight obesity – Metabolically obese normal weight; Relative fat mass – Ratio-based formula for estimating obesity in humans; Waist–hip ratio – Waist measurement divided by hip measurement
A low waist–hip ratio has often been seen as a sign of good health and reproductive potential. [49] A low waist–hip ratio has also often been regarded as an indicator of attractiveness of a woman, but recent research suggests that attractiveness is more correlated to body mass index than waist–hip ratio, contrary to previous belief.