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The tangent line through a point P on the circle is perpendicular to the diameter passing through P. If P = (x 1, y 1) and the circle has centre (a, b) and radius r, then the tangent line is perpendicular to the line from (a, b) to (x 1, y 1), so it has the form (x 1 − a)x + (y 1 – b)y = c.
Following Archimedes' argument in The Measurement of a Circle (c. 260 BCE), compare the area enclosed by a circle to a right triangle whose base has the length of the circle's circumference and whose height equals the circle's radius. If the area of the circle is not equal to that of the triangle, then it must be either greater or less.
Half of any such diameter may be called a semidiameter, although this term is most often a synonym for the radius of a circle or sphere. [3] The longest diameter is called the major axis. Conjugate diameters are a pair of diameters where one is parallel to a tangent to the ellipse at the endpoint of the other diameter. The diameter of a circle ...
A page from Archimedes' Measurement of a Circle. Measurement of a Circle or Dimension of the Circle (Greek: Κύκλου μέτρησις, Kuklou metrēsis) [1] is a treatise that consists of three propositions, probably made by Archimedes, ca. 250 BCE. [2] [3] The treatise is only a fraction of what was a longer work. [4] [5]
Since C = 2πr, the circumference of a unit circle is 2π. In mathematics, a unit circle is a circle of unit radius—that is, a radius of 1. [1] Frequently, especially in trigonometry, the unit circle is the circle of radius 1 centered at the origin (0, 0) in the Cartesian coordinate system in the Euclidean plane.
In applied sciences, the equivalent radius (or mean radius) is the radius of a circle or sphere with the same perimeter, area, or volume of a non-circular or non-spherical object. The equivalent diameter (or mean diameter ) ( D {\displaystyle D} ) is twice the equivalent radius.
When a circle's diameter is 1, its circumference is . When a circle's radius is 1—called a unit circle —its circumference is 2 π . {\displaystyle 2\pi .} Relationship with π
Jung's theorem provides more general inequalities relating the diameter to the radius. [5] The isodiametric inequality or Bieberbach inequality , a relative of the isoperimetric inequality , states that, for a given diameter, the planar shape with the largest area is a disk, and the three-dimensional shape with the largest volume is a sphere.