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This eruption, with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 7, ejected 37–45 km 3 (8.9–10.8 cubic miles) of dense-rock equivalent (DRE) material into the atmosphere, [3] and was the most recent confirmed VEI-7 eruption. [4] Although the Mount Tambora eruption reached a violent climax on 10 April 1815, [5] increased steaming and small phreatic ...
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [7] [8] [9] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [10]
The 1815 Tambora eruption is the largest and most devastating observed eruption in recorded history; a comparison with other major eruptions is listed below. [ 5 ] [ 31 ] [ 38 ] The explosion was heard 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) or 3,350 kilometres (2,080 mi) away, and ash deposits were registered at a distance of at least 1,300 kilometres ...
With an estimated ejecta volume of 160 km 3 (38 cu mi), Tambora's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku islands. Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease, as the eruptive fallout ruined the local agriculture.
Three great columns of flame rose in the sky over Mount Tambora on April 10, 1815. The long-dormant Indonesian volcano had rumbled to life five days earlier with a thunderous detonation followed.
The only unambiguous VEI-7 eruption to have been directly observed in recorded history was Mount Tambora in 1815 and caused the Year Without a Summer in 1816. The Minoan eruption of Thera in the middle of the second millennium BC may have been VEI-7, but may have been just shy of the 100 cubic kilometers required.
The only semi-recent example was the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, which led to worldwide cooling and agricultural failures and caused 1816 to become known as the "year without a summer."
The Sangeang Api (island of Sangeang) and Satonda are eruption centers associated to the Tambora volcano [7] — and therefore to the phenomenal 10–15 April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora which ejected 50km 3 of rock (150 km 3 of pumice and pyroclastics) and affected a large part of the Earth.