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Mardi Gras papier-mâché masks, Haiti. Papier-mâché (UK: / ˌ p æ p i eɪ ˈ m æ ʃ eɪ / PAP-ee-ay MASH-ay, US: / ˌ p eɪ p ər m ə ˈ ʃ eɪ / PAY-pər mə-SHAY, French: [papje mɑʃe] - the French term "mâché" here means "crushed and ground" [1]) is a versatile craft technique with roots in ancient China, in which waste paper is shredded and mixed with water and a binder to produce ...
The paper, after immersing in water for 4–5 weeks, is taken out and made into a pulp and dried. The dried paper is then converted to a powder. There is also a practice to mix the powdered paper with rice water to facilitate coagulation. [1] The pulp thus made is applied on molds made in wood or brass.
Pulp is refined and mixed in water with other additives to make a pulp slurry. The head-box of the paper machine called Fourdrinier machine distributes the slurry onto a moving continuous screen, water drains from the slurry by gravity or under vacuum, the wet paper sheet goes through presses and dries, and finally rolls into large rolls. The ...
Paper chemicals designate a group of chemicals that are used for paper manufacturing, or modify the properties of paper. These chemicals can be used to alter the paper in many ways, including changing its color and brightness , or by increasing its strength and resistance to water. [ 1 ]
Various techniques, such as refining of the pulp and wet pressing on the paper machine can be used to reduce the strength loss of the paper upon wetting. To improve the wet strength it is common to use chemicals. The use of chemicals can retain as much as 10% to 30% of the original dry strength of the paper. [1] The wet strength chemicals may ...
Compared with normal wet-laid paper and tissue, air-laid paper is very bulky, porous and soft. It has good water absorption properties and is much stronger compared with normal tissue. Main characteristics are: Soft, does not scratch. Non-linting, no dust, no static. Strong, even when wet, can be rinsed and reused. Clean, hygienic, can be ...
Pressing the sheet removes the water by force. Once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water. When making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. Drying involves using air or heat to remove water from the paper sheets.
[1] [3] The paper and cardboard used is mostly waste paper, such as old newspapers and boxes, with decorative elements, such as crepe paper being new. [2] [5] Most shapes are created with molds, then painted with acrylics. [5] Most of the production since colonial times has followed the annual calendar of religious and civic events.