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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3]
The Black Death in Italy was crucial in developing modern European quarantine laws, health authorities, and hospitals. [1] When the Black Death migrated toward the well-organized urban city-states of Northern Italy, the cities banned travellers from infected areas from entering their city and occasionally also the destruction of textiles and ...
The Kingdom of France had the largest population of Europe at the time, and the Black Death was a major catastrophe. The plague killed roughly 50,000 people in Paris, which made up about half of the city's population. [3] The Black Death in France was described by eyewitnesses, such as Louis Heyligen, Jean de Venette, and Gilles Li Muisis.
Figures for the death toll vary widely by area and from source to source, and estimates are frequently revised as historical research brings new discoveries to light. Most scholars estimate that the Black Death killed up to 75 million people [5] in the 14th century, at a time when the entire world population was still less than 500 million.
In traditional history, the Black Death has played a major role as the explanation to why Norway lost its position as a major Kingdom in the early 14th century, and entered a many centuries-long period of stagnation as the most neglected of the Kingdoms of the Kalmar Union under Denmark in the late 14th century. Norway entered into a Union with ...
The Black Death was the first occurrence of the second pandemic, [90] which continued to strike England and the rest of Europe more or less regularly until the 18th century. The first serious recurrence in England came in the years 1361−62.
1346-1353 spread of the Black Death in Europe map. The Black Death was present in Spain between 1348 and 1350. [1] [2] In the 14th century, present-day Spain was composed of the crowns of Aragon and Castile, the Kingdom of Navarre, and the Emirate of Granada.
A proponent of this is Norwegian Black Death expert Ole Jørgen Benedictow, who claims in his book The Black Death 1346–1353: The Complete History, "Communist authorities and ideological watchdogs prevented serious research on the Black Death and the following plague epidemics, suspecting (correctly) that this study could establish disturbing ...