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A carcinoid (also carcinoid tumor) is a slow-growing [1] type of neuroendocrine tumor originating in the cells of the neuroendocrine system. In some cases, metastasis may occur. Carcinoid tumors of the midgut ( jejunum , ileum , appendix , and cecum ) are associated with carcinoid syndrome .
Pulmonary carcinoid tumour is a neuroendocrine tumour of the lung. [1] There are two types: Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumour; Atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumour;
Although estimates vary, the annual incidence of clinically significant neuroendocrine tumors is approximately 2.5–5 per 100,000; [103] two thirds are carcinoid tumors and one third are other NETs. The prevalence has been estimated as 35 per 100,000, [ 103 ] and may be considerably higher if clinically silent tumors are included.
By definition, they are greater than 4 mm in largest dimension; smaller lesions are referred to as pulmonary carcinoid tumourlets. [citation needed] The differential diagnosis of typical pulmonary carcinoid tumour includes: atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumour, pulmonary carcinoid tumourlet and lung adenocarcinoma. [citation needed]
Atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumour is a subtype of pulmonary carcinoid tumor. [1] It is an uncommon low-grade malignant lung mass that is most often in the central airways of the lung. It is also known as "atypical lung carcinoid tumour", " atypical lung carcinoid" or "moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma".
Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary to neuroendocrine tumors (formerly known as carcinoid tumors). [1] The syndrome is caused by neuroendocrine tumors most often found in the gut releasing biologically active substances into the blood causing symptoms such as flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure, vomiting ...
A small intestine neuroendocrine tumor is a carcinoid in the distal small intestine or the proximal large intestine. It is a relatively rare cancer and is diagnosed in approximately 1/100000 people every year. In recent decades the incidence has increased. [1] The prognosis is comparatively good with a median survival of more than 8 years. [2]
The most common sarcoma in the intestine are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) Lymphoma – these cancers start in lymphocytes. Carcinoid tumors of the midgut – this is a type of neuroendocrine tumor (NET). They tend to be slow growing and are the most common type of small intestine tumor. (American Cancer Society, 2023)