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Eyelid dermatitis is commonly related to atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis. [1] Volatile substances, tosylamide/formaldehyde resin , epoxy hardeners, insect repellent sprays, and lemon peel oil may be implicated, with many cases of eyelid contact dermatitis being caused by substances transferred by the hands to the eyelids .
When an allergen irritates the conjunctiva, common symptoms that occur in the eye include: ocular itching, eyelid swelling, tearing, photophobia, watery discharge, and foreign body sensation (with pain). [1] [3] Itching is the most typical symptom of ocular allergy, and more than 75% of patients report this symptom when seeking treatment. [3]
A patch test (contact delayed hypersensitivity allergy test) [17] is a commonly used examination to determine the exact cause of an allergic contact dermatitis. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, "patch testing is the gold standard for contact allergen identification". [2]
Eyelid edema is a condition in which the eyelids are swollen and tissues contain excess fluid. It may affect eye function when it increases the intraocular pressure. Eyelid edema is caused by allergy, trichiasis or infections. [4] The main symptoms are swollen red eyelids, pain, and itching. Chronic eyelid edema can lead to blepharochalasis.
Bacterial infections, allergies, other irritants, and dryness are also common causes. Both bacterial and viral infections are contagious, passing from person to person or spread through contaminated objects or water. Contact with contaminated fingers is a common cause of conjunctivitis.
Dennie–Morgan fold below the lower eyelid A Dennie–Morgan fold , also known as a Dennie–Morgan line or an infraorbital fold , is a fold or line in the skin below the lower eyelid . It can simply be an ethnic/genetic trait, [ 3 ] but was found in one study to occur in 25% of patients with atopic dermatitis . [ 4 ]