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Unlike coil springs, leaf springs also locate the rear axle, eliminating the need for trailing arms and a Panhard rod, thereby saving cost and weight in a simple live axle rear suspension. A further advantage of a leaf spring over a helical spring is that the end of the leaf spring may be guided along a definite path.
The first vehicle to use torsion bars was Leyland Eight designed by J. G. Parry-Thomas and produced from 1920 to 1923, however its rear suspension, patented in 1919, [1] was retrospectively named "torsion bar assisted" by Leyland in a 1966 publication [2] because the bars only complemented the leaf springs.
These were often made of low-carbon steel and usually took the form of multiple layer leaf springs. [4] Leaf springs have been around since the early Egyptians. Ancient military engineers used leaf springs in the form of bows to power their siege engines, with little success at first. The use of leaf springs in catapults was later refined and ...
Choosing the location of the 'hard points', or theoretical centres of each ball joint or bushing; Selecting the rates of the bushings; Analysing the loads in the suspension; Designing the spring rates; Designing shock absorber characteristics; Designing the structure of each component so that it is strong, stiff, light, and cheap
The twist-beam provided a cost saving of €100 per car compared to multi-link rear suspension, [4] although the version used in the 2009–2018 Opel Astra also employed a Watts linkage at a cost of €20 to address the drawbacks and provide a competitive and cost-effective rear suspension.
Roll couple is resisted by the suspension roll stiffness, which is a function of the spring rate of the vehicle's springs and of the anti-roll bars, if any. The use of anti-roll bars allows designers to reduce roll without making the suspension's springs stiffer in the vertical plane, which allows improved body control with less compromise of ...