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The BIOS begins its POST when the CPU is reset. The first memory location the CPU tries to execute is known as the reset vector . In the case of a hard reboot , the northbridge will direct a code fetch request to the BIOS located on the system flash memory .
It is referred to as non-volatile memory or NVRAM because, after the system loses power, it does retain state by virtue of the CMOS battery. When the battery fails, BIOS settings are reset to their defaults. The battery can also be used to power a real time clock (RTC) and the RTC, NVRAM and battery may be integrated into a single component.
When interrupt 19h is called, the BIOS attempts to locate boot loader software on a "boot device", such as a hard disk, a floppy disk, CD, or DVD. It loads and executes the first boot software it finds, giving it control of the PC. [28] The BIOS uses the boot devices set in Nonvolatile BIOS memory , or, in the earliest PCs, DIP switches.
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is an open standard that operating systems can use to discover and configure computer hardware components, to perform power management (e.g. putting unused hardware components to sleep), auto configuration (e.g. Plug and Play and hot swapping), and status monitoring.
Controlling indicator LEDs (e.g. caps lock, scroll lock, num lock, battery, ac, power, wireless LAN, sleep) Managing the battery charger and the battery [2] Allowing remote diagnostics and remediation over the network; Performing software-requested CPU reset [1] Controlling the watchdog timer [2] System Management Interrupt (entry to System ...
User initiated hard resets can be used to reset the device if the software hangs, crashes, or is otherwise unresponsive. However, data may become corrupted if this occurs. [ 6 ] Generally, a hard reset is initiated by pressing a dedicated reset button On some systems (e.g, the PlayStation 2 video game console), pressing and releasing the power ...
5. Jacksonville Jaguars — Will Johnson, CB, Michigan. Front players will be looked at here, but the Jaguars look to build one of the best cornerback duos in football with Will Johnson and Tyson ...
Many software functions would be moved to microcode, and instruction sets could be customized, with different firmware loaded for different instruction sets. [ 3 ] As computers began to increase in complexity, it became clear that various programs needed to first be initiated and run to provide a consistent environment necessary for running ...