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The tracking problem is made particularly difficult for targets with unpredictable movements (i.e. unknown target movement models), non-Gaussian measurement or model errors, non-linear relationships between the measured quantities and the desired target coordinates, detection in the presence of non-uniformly distributed clutter, missed ...
Mini-automatic radar plotting aid (or MARPA) is a maritime radar feature for target tracking and collision avoidance. Targets must be manually selected, but are then tracked automatically, including range, bearing, target speed, target direction (course), CPA (closest point of approach), and TCPA (time of closest point of approach), safe or dangerous indication, and proximity alarm.
Both target tracking and missile tracking and control are performed manually. The operator watches the missile flight, and uses a signaling system to command the missile back into the straight line between operator and target (the "line of sight"). This is typically useful only for slower targets, where significant "lead" is not required.
Early airborne TWS radar typically only tracked a single target while scanning. The original TWS airborne set was the Hughes Aircraft AN/ASG-18 of the XF-108 Rapier, which could track a single target. The Westinghouse AN/APQ-81 for the F6D Missileer was more advanced, tracking up to eight targets, but required its own operator.
A new track that begins in or near the capture volume of an active track is called a split track. Coasted track, joined track, and split track trigger an operator alert. For example, a track coast can result from an aircraft collision, so the cause needs to be determined otherwise supervisory personnel need to be notified.
During this phase, the radar system searches in the designated area in a predetermined search pattern until the target is located or redesignated. This phase terminates when a weapon is launched. Tracking phase The fire-control radar enters into the track phase when the target is located. The radar system locks onto the target during this phase.
BAT radar guided bomb RBS-15F anti-ship missile (on right) under the wing of a JAS 39 Gripen fighter, 2007 Active radar homing missile seeker. Active radar homing (ARH) is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing, which uses only a receiver) and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously.
First Track sensor stereo track of a dim boosted target First stereo post boost tracking of midcourse target. March 2011. 9 March 2011; Second Aegis Readiness Assessment Vehicle Targeting STSS satellites acquired and tracked its target until re-entry 15 March 2011; Second full-course tracking during U.S. Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) Aegis launch