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Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a protein [5] that in humans is encoded by the IL7 gene. [6] [7] [8] IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor secreted by stromal cells in the bone marrow and thymus. It is also produced by keratinocytes, [9] dendritic cells, [10] hepatocytes, [11] neurons, and epithelial cells, [12] but is not produced by normal ...
Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In humans, interleukin 10 is encoded by the IL10 gene. [5] IL-10 signals through a receptor complex consisting of two IL-10 receptor-1 and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins. [6]
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a protein that inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF, and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T cells. In structure, IL-10 is a protein of about 160 amino acids that contains four conserved cysteines involved in disulphide bonds. [33]
The IL-10 family is a family of interleukins. In addition to IL-10, it includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. [1] Some sources also include the interferons IL-28 and IL-29. [2] The IL-10 family are helical cytokines categorized based on their specific similarities and can be classified as class 2 cytokines. [3]
M2a cells are induced by IL-4 and IL-13. [2] M2b, generally referred to as regulatory macrophages (Mregs), are characterized by secreting large amounts of IL-10 and small amounts of IL-12. [6] [7] M2c, also known as deactivated macrophages, secrete large amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β. M2c are induced by glucocorticoids and TGF-β. [8]
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Some inflammatory cytokines have additional roles such as acting as growth factors. [5] Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury.
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