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  2. Lurgi–Ruhrgas process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurgi–Ruhrgas_process

    The Lurgi–Ruhrgas process is a hot recycled solids technology, which processes fine particles of coal or oil shale sized 0.25 to 0.5 inches (6.4 to 12.7 mm). As a heat carrier, it uses spent char or spent oil shale (oil shale ash), mixed with sand or other more durable materials.

  3. Gas to liquids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_to_liquids

    Methanol is made from methane (natural gas) in a series of three reactions: Steam reforming CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2 Δ r H = +206 kJ mol −1 Water shift reaction CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 Δ r H = -41 kJ mol −1 Synthesis 2 H 2 + CO → CH 3 OH Δ r H = -92 kJ mol −1. The methanol thus formed may be converted to gasoline by the Mobil ...

  4. Syngas to gasoline plus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngas_to_gasoline_plus

    The STG+ technology also incorporates durene reduction into its core process, meaning that the entire fuel production process requires only two steps: syngas production and gas to liquids synthesis. [1] Other methanol to gasoline processes do not incorporate durene reduction into the core process, and they require the implementation of an ...

  5. Coal liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_liquefaction

    Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. This process is often known as "coal to X" or "carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbon-based products. However, the most common process chain is "coal to liquid fuels" (CTL). [1]

  6. Lurgi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurgi

    Lurgi can refer to: . Lurgi AG : The German Chemical and construction company; the Lurgi process for making gas from carbonaceous fuel under high pressure; Lurgi generator - a device used to produce gas from coal (see Gasification)

  7. Direct methanol fuel cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_methanol_fuel_cell

    Methanol cross-over and/or its effects can be alleviated by (a) developing alternative membranes (e.g. [6] [7]), (b) improving the electro-oxidation process in the catalyst layer and improving the structure of the catalyst and gas diffusion layers (e.g. [8]), and (c) optimizing the design of the flow field and the membrane electrode assembly ...

  8. Methanol (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_(data_page)

    Here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures:

  9. Rectisol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectisol

    In the Rectisol process (licensed by both Linde AG and Air Liquide), cold methanol at approximately –40 °F (–40 °C) dissolves (absorbs) the acid gases from the feed gas at relatively high pressure, usually 400 to 1000 psia (2.76 to 6.89 MPa). The rich solvent containing the acid gases is then let down in pressure to release and recover ...