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The use of fluoride supplements during the last six months of pregnancy has no significant impact on the incidence of fluorosis in children. [16] Optimal water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries increases the prevalence of dental fluorosis by 4 to 5%. [13] The observed effects are mild to moderate, usually of minimal aesthetic ...
Dental fluorosis is caused by a higher than normal amount of fluoride ingestion whilst teeth are forming. Primary dentine fluorosis and enamel fluorosis can only happen during tooth formation, so fluoride exposure occurs in childhood. Enamel fluorosis has a white opaque appearance which is due to the surface of the enamel being hypomineralised ...
Skeletal fluorosis is a bone disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride leading to weakened bones. [1] In advanced cases, skeletal fluorosis causes painful damage to bones and joints . Symptoms
Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries [1] and possibly osteoporosis, [2] [3] due to a lack of fluoride in diet. [4] [5] Common dietary sources of fluoride include tea, grape juice, wine, raisins, some seafood, coffee, and tap water that has been fluoridated. [6]
It's true that too much fluoride can be dangerous — one complication is skeletal fluorosis, which causes stiffening and pain of the joints and bones or abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting ...
In the US mild or very mild dental fluorosis has been reported in 20% of the population, moderate fluorosis in 2% and severe fluorosis in less than 1%. [ 61 ] The critical period of exposure is between ages one and four years, with the risk ending around age eight.
Fluorosis becomes possible above this recommended dosage. As of 2015, the United States Health and Human Services Department recommends a maximum of 0.7 milligrams of fluoride per liter of water – updating and replacing the previous recommended range of 0.7 to 1.2 milligrams issued in 1962. The new recommended level is intended to reduce the ...
An excess of fluoride in drinking water causes dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. The World Health Organization has recommended a guideline value of 1.5 mg/L as the concentration above which dental fluorosis is likely. [2] Fluorosis is endemic in more than 20 developed and developing nations. [3]