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Used natural gas line pipe is also used as casing on many projects because it is often reclaimed in very good condition and can offer a significant cost savings when compared to new steel pipe. Used pipe is most likely to not have any testing data associated with it and is generally used when the only required specification is a given diameter ...
A concrete spacer with a plastic clip in use Concrete spacers in a precast element Diaphragm wall block on rebar for a Diaphragm wall A rebar spacer is a short, rod-like device used to secure reinforcing steel bars, or rebar , within cast assemblies for reinforced concrete structures.
Casing Diameters of a Borehole Casing Diagram premium gas tight connections on a casing string. Casing is a large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a borehole. Similar to the bones of a spine protecting the spinal cord, casing is set inside the drilled borehole to protect and support the wellstream.
The tremie concrete placement method uses a vertical or nearly vertical pipe, through which concrete is placed by gravity feed below water level. [4]The lower end of the pipe is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that concrete rising from the bottom displaces the water above it, thus limiting washing out of the cement content of the fresh concrete at the exposed upper surface.
A steel fixer with column reinforcement steel Fixing reinforcement for foundations and walls of sewage pump station in Sacramento, California. A steel fixer (UK, ironworker or "rod buster" in the United States) is a tradesman who positions and secures steel reinforcing bars, also known as rebar, and steel mesh used in reinforced concrete on construction projects.
A liner is a casing string that does not extend to the surface, being hung instead from a liner hanger set inside of the previous casing string but usually within about 300 feet (91 m) of its bottom. Other than the obvious cost savings, the liner installation allows larger drill pipe or production tubing to be used in the upper portions of the ...
The ACI codebook puts an upward limit on the spacing between ties. ACI Code 7.10.5: Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 16 longitudinal bar diameters, 48 tie bar or wire diameters, or least dimension of the compression member. If the ties are spaced too far apart, the column will experience shearfailure and barrel in between the ties. [4]
The energy consumed in manufacturing ductile iron pipe was 19.55 MJ per kg and volume of emissions released during manufacture was 1.430 kg CO 2 per kg, compared to 68.30 MJ per kg of energy and 4.860 kg CO 2 per kg emissions for PVC pipes, and 1.24 MJ per kg and 0.148 kg CO 2 per kg for concrete pipes of the same diameter.