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RetroArch is a free and open-source, cross-platform frontend for emulators, game engines, video games, media players and other applications. It is the reference implementation of the libretro API , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] designed to be fast, lightweight, portable and without dependencies. [ 4 ]
Modern graphics cards use a freely programmable, shader-controlled pipeline, which allows direct access to individual processing steps. To relieve the main processor, additional processing steps have been moved to the pipeline and the GPU. The most important shader units are vertex shaders, geometry shaders, and pixel shaders.
In computer graphics, the render output unit (ROP) or raster operations pipeline is a hardware component in modern graphics processing units (GPUs) and one of the final steps in the rendering process of modern graphics cards.
The ARB Vertex Program extension provides APIs to load ARBvp1.0 assembly instructions, enable selected programs, and to set various GPU parameters. Vertex programs are used to modify vertex properties, such as position, normals and texture coordinates, that are passed to the next pipeline process: often a fragment shader; more recently, a ...
Fixed function APIs tend to be a simpler programming abstraction with a series of well-defined and specifically named graphics pipeline stages. Shader-based APIs treat graphics data (vertices and pixels / texels) generically and allow a great deal of flexibility in how this data is modulated.
The Compute pipeline is a type of graphics pipeline used for dispatching and executing compute shaders. Compute pipelines are run through compute command lists, which are restricted to recording only copy and compute commands. Compute shaders are used for general-purpose algorithms and computations, and are run through parallel processors on
Video games outsource rendering calculations to the GPU over OpenGL in real-time. Shaders are written in OpenGL Shading Language and compiled. The compiled programs are executed on the GPU. OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) is a high-level shading language with a syntax based on the C programming language.
The new driver model requires the graphics hardware to have Shader Model 2.0 support at least, since the fixed function pipeline is now translated to 2.0 shaders. However, according to Microsoft as of 2009, only about 1–2 percent of the hardware running Windows Vista used the XDDM, [10] with the rest already WDDM capable.