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Cicero's Philippics, 15th-century manuscript, British Library. The Philippics (Latin: Philippicae, singular Philippica) are a series of 14 speeches composed by Cicero in 44 and 43 BC, condemning Mark Antony.
The writings of Marcus Tullius Cicero constitute one of the most renowned collections of historical and philosophical work in all of classical antiquity. Cicero was a Roman politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, philosopher, and constitutionalist who lived during the years of 106–43 BC.
Marcus Tullius Cicero [a] (/ ˈ s ɪ s ə r oʊ / SISS-ə-roh; Latin: [ˈmaːrkʊs ˈtʊlli.ʊs ˈkɪkɛroː]; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, [4] who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. [5]
A philippic (/fɪˈlɪpɪk/) [1] is a fiery, damning speech, or tirade, delivered to condemn a particular political actor. The term is most famously associated with three noted orators of the ancient world: Demosthenes of ancient Athens , Cato the Elder and Cicero of ancient Rome .
Cicero then undertakes a systematic discussion of eloquence. He says rhetoric is arranged under three headings – “first of all, the power of the orator; secondly, the speech; thirdly, the subject of the speech.” [ 7 ] The orator's power consists of ideas and words, which must be “discovered and arranged.” “To discover” applies ...
During this time she also worked on a research project on Roman tragedy, which then led to a five-year research fellowship in which she was able to produce her commentary of Cicero's Philippics 3–9 (2007). [1] In 2007, Gesine Manuwald joined the UCL Department of Greek and Latin. [1] She became a member of the Academia Europaea in 2014. [4]
Bailey was born in Lancaster, Lancashire, the youngest of four children born to John Henry Shackleton Bailey and Rosmund Maud (née Giles). [2] [3] After being educated at Lancaster Royal Grammar School, where his mathematician father was headmaster, Shackleton Bailey read first Classics and then Oriental Studies at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, before spending the years of the Second ...
Here Cicero introduces the technical terms used by the Stoics into Latin. The highest and only good of the Stoics is virtue (moral good). In the fourth book, Cicero casts doubt on this dogma, arguing a supposed natural state (the "cradle argument"), as well as issues regarding the exclusion of other goods entailed by Stoic doctrine.