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The Free Speech Movement (FSM) was a massive, long-lasting student protest which took place during the 1964–65 academic year on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley. [1] The Movement was informally under the central leadership of Berkeley graduate student Mario Savio . [ 2 ]
Bella Dodd (née Visono; 1904 [1] – 29 April 1969 [2]) was a teacher, lawyer, and labor union activist, member of the Communist Party of America (CPUSA) and New York City Teachers Union (TU) in the 1930s and 1940s ("one of Communism's most strident voices"), and vocal anti-communist after she had a big conversion after meeting Fulton J. Sheen, Bishop of Rochester, New York.
As women became more involved in the inner workings of the Berkeley protests, they began to move up in the ranks of the positions as well. However, as time progressed they began to face opposition, even from their peers. An organization based upon promoting the advancement of human rights was now rejecting women the opportunity to lead.
Communists and the People: Summation Speech to the Jury in the Second Foley Square Smith Act Trial of Thirteen Communist Leaders. New York, New Century Publishers, 1953. I Speak My Own Piece: Autobiography of "The Rebel Girl". New York: Masses and Mainstream 1955. An Appeal to Women. New York: Campaign Committee, People's Rights Party, 1955.
In addition to labor, the ACLU also led efforts in non-labor arenas, for example, promoting free speech in public schools. [15] The ACLU was banned from speaking in New York public schools in 1921. [16] The ACLU, working with the NAACP, also supported racial discrimination cases. [17] The ACLU defended free speech regardless of espoused opinions.
Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494 (1951), was a United States Supreme Court case relating to Eugene Dennis, General Secretary of the Communist Party USA.The Court ruled that Dennis did not have the right under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution to exercise free speech, publication and assembly, if the exercise involved the creation of a plot to overthrow the government. [1]
[7] [15] She was criticised in The Guardian for rejecting multiculturalism as divisive and for her libertarian beliefs in the desirability of minimal governmental control and free speech in all contexts. [3] In 2015, Fox was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women. [16] Her book, I Find That Offensive!, was published in 2016. [17]
She also presided over an international secretariat for women, which was created by the Communist International in October 1920. In June 1921, the Second International Conference of Communist Women, which was held in Moscow and was chaired by her, changed the date of the International Women's Day to 8 March. That has remained the date of the ...