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The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
Side effects of CICs, besides menstrual bleeding changes, are minimal. [26] The most prominent side effects of CICs are menstrual irregularities during the first 3 to 6 months of use. [1] Dysmenorrhea has been reported in 30 to 65% of women. [26] Other side effects include breast tenderness/pain, headache, and libido changes. [26]
In a 12-month study of a continuous COCP regimen, 59% of women experienced no bleeding in months six through twelve and 79% of women experienced no bleeding in month twelve. [19] Extended or continuous use of COCPs or other combined hormonal contraceptives carries the same risk of side effects and medical risks as traditional COCP use.
The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as "spotting," though a few people may experience heavier bleeding. [citation needed] It is estimated that breakthrough bleeding affects around 25% of combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) users during the initial 3 to 4 months of use, it then usually resolves on its own. [8] [9]
Pills—combined and progestogen-only—are the most common form of hormonal contraception. Worldwide, they account for 12% of contraceptive use. 21% of users of reversible contraceptives choose COCPs or POPs. Pills are especially popular in more developed countries, where they account for 25% of contraceptive use. [48]
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiated studies evaluating the health of more than 800,000 women taking combined oral contraceptive pills and found that the risk of VTE was 93% higher for women who had been taking drospirenone combined oral contraceptive pills for 3 months or less and 290% higher for women taking drospirenone ...