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Dermanyssus gallinae (also known as the red mite) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry.It has been implicated as a vector of several major pathogenic diseases. [1] [2] Despite its common names, it has a wide range of hosts including several species of wild birds and mammals, including humans, where the condition it causes is called gamasoidosis.
Some genera of mites have adapted to infesting the lungs and air-sacs of birds or the lungs of mammals. [13] Cytodites nudus is a typical species of this type. It infests poultry in North America and South Africa and may cause reduction in productivity of the birds. Another genus of similar bird infesting mites is Laminosioptes.
One family of mites, Pyroglyphidae, or nest mites, live primarily in the nests of birds and other animals. These mites are largely parasitic and consume blood, skin and keratin. Dust mites, which feed mostly on dead skin and hair shed from humans instead of consuming them from the organism directly, evolved from these parasitic ancestors. [43]
While birds are alive, they are susceptible to several different pests including lice and mites. In particular, "chewing lice" like Mallophaga can infest a living bird, feed on and degrade its feathers. [3] Over 2500 species of mites are linked with birds, including those that live on feather plumage and within quill structures. [3]
This blood-feeding parasite is broadly distributed, and has been reported on 72 host species of North American birds in 26 families. The mites have been a major pest of the poultry industry since the early 1900s. [3] [4] The spread of these mites are mainly because they have the ability to hide in cracks or wild birds nests. In relation to ...
Avian mites are also capable of digesting human blood [41] and it is widely believed that they cannot reproduce without avian blood. [9] [42] [43] However, some studies, such as those by George et al., suggest that avian mites may develop and sustain prolonged infestations on human blood, challenging this assumption. [19]