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A variety of hole patterns are in use for ring bindings. In much of the world, two-hole and four-hole punches consistent with ISO 838 are the norm. In the US, the three-hole punch is most common. See § Standards. There are other binding techniques which use hole punching. Coil binding uses a spring-like coil, threaded into the punched holes.
To bind a document, the user first punches holes in the paper with a specialized hole punch. Pages must be punched a few at a time with most of these machines. If hard covers are desired, they must be punched as well. In bulk applications, a paper drilling machine may be used. Then the user chooses a spine size that will match the document.
Plastic spiral binding is a three-step process: punch, insert, crimp. [ citation needed ] First, a punch creates holes along the edge of the document. Second, a coil inserter spins the coils through the holes.
Different types of the punch and bind binding include: Double wire, twin loop, or Wire-O binding is a type of binding that is used for books that will be viewed or read in an office or home type environment. The binding involves the use of a C-shaped wire spine that is squeezed into a round shape using a wire closing device.
In order to bind documents with double loop wire, a binding machine and a wire closer are required. Smaller organizations will often choose a small manual wire binding machine that offers a manual hole punch and a built-in wire closer. Medium-sized users will often choose a wire binding machine with an electric punch and built-in wire closer.
Chucking reamers, or machine reamers, are the most common type of reamer used in lathes, drill presses, and screw machines that provide a smooth finish to the hole. They come in a variety of flutes and cuts (e.g. right hand cut, left hand spiral, straight flute) as well as different shank types.