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Prevent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation [7] and haemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia [8] (amiodarone) Treat atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (ibutilide) Treat ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation (sotalol) Treat Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; IV Calcium channel blockers Diltiazem; Verapamil; Ca 2+ channel blocker
Verapamil is a class-IV antiarrhythmic and more effective than digoxin in controlling ventricular rate. [19] Verapamil is not listed as a first line antihypertensive agent by the guidelines provided by JAMA in JNC-8. [20] However, it may be used to treat hypertension if patient has co-morbid atrial fibrillation or other types of arrhythmia. [17 ...
Diltiazem, sold under the brand name Cardizem among others, is a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart arrhythmias. [9] It may also be used in hyperthyroidism if beta blockers cannot be used. [ 9 ]
Theoretical treatment with lipid emulsion therapy has been considered in severe cases, but is not yet standard of care. Caution should be taken when using verapamil with a beta blocker due to the risk of severe bradycardia. If unsuccessful, ventricular pacing should be used. [25]
Non-dihydropyridines (non-DHP): diltiazem, verapamil In general, the side effects of CCBs include peripheral edema and gingival hyperplasia when CCBs are used chronically. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] To add on, DHP may cause reflex tachycardia and peripheral edema , while non-DHP may cause bradycardia and worsening of cardiac function due to reduced cardiac ...
Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating , which become longer or continuous over time. [ 4 ]
Drugs like amiodarone, diltiazem, verapamil and metoprolol are frequently given before electrical cardioversion to decrease the heart rate, stabilize the patient and increase the chance that cardioversion is successful. There are various classes of agents that are most effective for pharmacological cardioversion.
Sotalol is indicated for the treatment of atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and AV re-entrant arrhythmias. Ibutilide is the only antiarrhythmic agent currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for acute conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Azimilide; Bretylium; Clofilium; E-4031; Nifekalant [6] Tedisamil; Sematilide